一、从强调的侧重点来区分
三者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:all(全部)是整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性),every(每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近),each(每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。比较:
All players were very excited.
所有运动员都很兴奋。
Every player was very excited.
每个运动员都很兴奋。
He shook hands with each player in turn after the game.
比赛结束后,他同运动员一一握手。
二、从句法功能和词性来区分
all 和 each 既可作形容词(其后接名词),也可用作代词(单独使用或后接 of 短语);而 every 却只能用作形容词(其后接名词),不能用作代词(即不能单独使用或后接 of 短语)。如:
正:All books are worth reading.
所有书都值得读。
正:All of the books are worth reading.
所有书都值得读。
正:Each book is interesting.
每本书都很趣。
正:Each of the books is interesting.
每本书都都很趣。
误:Every of the books is interesting.
误:Every is interesting.
三、从主谓一致方面来区分
each 和 every 之后通常接单数可数名词,且该结构用作主语时,其谓语动词用单数。如:
each:
Each (man) does his own work.
各人做自己的工作。
Each answer is worth 20 points.
每题为20分。
Each book is beautifully illustrated.
每本书都配有精美的插图。
every:
Every student in our class is sure to pass the exam.
我们班的每个学生都肯定会通过考试。
Every village has a green, a church, a pub and a manor house.
每个村庄都有一片绿地、一座教堂、一间酒馆和一座庄园宅第。
Every care has been taken in compiling this list.
汇编这份清单时考虑得很充分。
若后接两个用 and 连接的名词,其谓语依然用单数。如:
Every [Each] man and woman knows it.
每个男人和女人都知道此事。
Each disk and partition is shown with current usage information.
每一个磁盘和分区以及它们的使用情况都被显示出来。
但是,each 可用于复数主语后作同位语,后面的谓语用复数。如:
The students each have a dictionary.
学生每人有一本字典。
We each have our own car.
我们各人都有自己的汽车。
They each have their own email address.
他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
四、从所涉及的范围来区分
each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every 指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。如:
He has books in each hand.
他两只手都拿着书。
There are trees on each side of the road.
路两边都有树。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.
两个小伙子走了进来,每人提着一只箱子。
五、从所接受的修饰语来区分
every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰,但 each 却不能。如:
Almost every family in the village owns a television.
村上几乎每家都有电视机。
Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test.
这所学校几乎每一个儿童游泳都及格了。
差不多每个学生都读过这本书。
正:Almost every student has read the book.
误:Almost each student has read the book.
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