Yi Shuo School District (51) SPSS Statistical Analysis (61) Chart Builder Creates Graphics
“分享兴趣，传播快乐，增长见闻，留下美好！大家好，这里是小编。欢迎大家继续访问学苑内容，我们将竭诚为您带来更多更好的内容分享。
"Share interests, spread happiness, increase knowledge and leave beauty! Hello everyone, this is Xiaobian. Welcome to continue to visit the content of the academy, and we will bring you more and better content sharing wholeheartedly.
【思维导图】
【基础知识】
使用图表构建器创建图形，使用预览模式将图库图表或基本元素拖放到画布（“图形构建器”对话框上“变量”列表右侧的较大区域）上来生成图表，让用户所见即所得，可以提高创建图形的效率，减少一些不可预见的错误。生成图表时，画布会显示图表的预览。虽然预览使用已定义的变量标签和测量级别，但预览并不会显示实际的数据，它使用随机生成的数据简略勾勒出图表的外观。
Creating graphs by using the diagram builder, using preview mode to drag and drop gallery diagrams or basic elements onto the canvas (a large area to the right of the Variables list on the diagram builder dialog box) to generate graphs, so that users can get what they see, which can improve the efficiency of creating graphs and reduce some unforeseen errors. When you build a chart, the canvas displays a preview of the chart. Although the preview uses defined variable labels and measurement levels, the preview does not display the actual data, and it uses randomly generated data to sketch the appearance of the chart.
图表构建器区分不同的测量级别，并根据测量级别的不同以不同方式处理变量。因此，用图表构建器创建图形时，需要正确设置数据文件中各变量的测量级别。通常，在图形生成时将变量分为分类变量和刻度变量，分类变量定义图表中的类别，常用于绘制单独的图形元素或将图形元素分组，刻度变量通常是分类变量的类别汇总。分类变量可以是字符串（字母数值）变量或使用数值代码表示类别的数值变量（例如0=male，1=female）这种数据也称为定性数据。分类变量的测量尺度既可以是名义尺度（nominal），也可以是定序尺度（ordinal），刻度变量的测量尺度为间隔尺度（scale）。
The chart builder distinguishes between different measurement levels and processes variables in different ways depending on the measurement level. Therefore, when you create a graph with Chart Builder, you need to set the measurement level of each variable in the data file correctly. Generally, variables are divided into classification variables and scale variables when graphics are generated. Classification variables define categories in charts, which are often used to draw individual graphic elements or group graphic elements. Scale variables are usually category summaries of classification variables. Classification variables can be string (alphanumeric) variables or numeric variables that use numeric codes to represent categories (for example, 0=male, 1=female). This data is also called qualitative data.The measurement scale of classification variables can be either nominal or ordinal, and the measurement scale of scale variables is interval scale.
在使用图表构建器创建图形时，变量名称旁会显示该变量测量级别的图标，帮助用户选择该变量作为分类变量，还是刻度变量。在创建图表时，变量的测量级别很重要，可以在图表构建器中临时更改测量级别，方法是单击右键“变量”列表中的变量，然后选择选项，也可以在数据编辑器的“变量视图”中永久更改变量的测量级别。
When you create a graph using Chart Builder, an icon of the variable's measurement level is displayed next to the variable's name to help the user choose whether the variable is a classification variable or a scale variable. When creating a chart, the measurement level of a variable is important. You can temporarily change the measurement level in the chart builder by right-clicking a variable in the Variables list and selecting options, or you can permanently change the measurement level of a variable in the Variables view of the data editor.
【实例分析】
为介绍使用图表构建程序创建图表操作方法，我们以创建条形图为例来演示，其他类型图表的创建的操作方法类似只需按照图表的统计学意义设置相应选项即可。
In order to introduce the operation method of creating charts by using chart builder, we take creating bar charts as an example to demonstrate. The operation method of creating other types of charts is similar, just set corresponding options according to the statistical significance of charts.
下表是国民经济与社会发展总量指标中，第一、第二、第三产业在几年中的产值，试绘制条形图对比几年中国民经济与社会发展总量指标中，各产业产值发展趋势及比重。（数据来源：中国统计摘要，2008）。
The following table is the output value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the total indicators of national economic and social development in several years. Try to draw a bar chart to compare the development trend and proportion of the output value of each industry in the total indicators of national economic and social development in several years. (Source: Statistical Abstract of China, 2008).
第1步。建立数据文件，定义三个变量名：“指标”，“年份”，“指标值”，整理后的数据文件部分截图如所图所示，保存为数据文件。
Step 1. Establish a data file, define three variable names: "Indicator", "Year" and "Indicator Value", and save some screenshots of the sorted data file as shown in the figure.
第2步，打开图形构建器对话框，选择菜单“图形->图表构建器”弹出如图所示对话框。根据截图所示进行设置。
Step 2: Open the Graphic Builder dialog box and select the menu "Graphic-> Graph Builder" to pop up the dialog box as shown in the figure. Set as shown in the screenshot.
第3步，选择“图库”选项卡，双击“条（B）”类别中的第二项“群集条形图”图标，或者直接将“群集条形图”图标拖到画布区域。图库中的每一种图表都是预定义的、由基本元素组成的集合体，因此通过“基本元素”选项卡同样可以创建各种图表，而且比图库更灵活，但通过图库创建图表更快更便捷。
Step 3: Select the Gallery tab, double-click the Cluster Bar icon in the second item in the Bar (B) category, or drag the Cluster Bar icon directly to the canvas area. Every chart in the gallery is a predefined collection of basic elements, so you can create various charts through the Basic Elements tab, which is more flexible than the gallery, but it is faster and more convenient to create charts through the gallery.
第4步，设置图表变量，尽管画布上有图表，但图表并不完整，因为没有变量或统计量来控制条的高度以及指定每个条对应的变量类别。图表不能没有变量和统计量。
Step 4: Set chart variables. Although there is a chart on the canvas, the chart is incomplete because there are no variables or statistics to control the height of the bar and specify the variable category corresponding to each bar. Chart cannot be without variables and statistics.
第5步，设置元素属性。图表及变量设置好后，各图表元素属性都是系统默认值，还要根据图表实际需求来修改元素属性，例如统计量、图形样式、排序方法、刻度类型等。本例元素属性全部采用默认值不做修改。
Step 5, set the element attributes. After the chart and variables are set, the attributes of each chart element are the default values of the system, and the attributes of elements should be modified according to the actual needs of the chart, such as statistics, graphic styles, sorting methods, scale types and so on. In this example, all element attributes adopt default values without modification.
第6步，设置标题。本例选中标题1，设置文本内容为“第一、二、三产业各年产值比较图”。
Step 6, set the title. In this example, the title 1 is selected, and the text content is set as "Comparison Chart of Annual Output Value of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries".
第7步，运行结果及说明。单击“图表构建程序”对话框的“确定”按钮，完成条形图的绘制。从条形图中我们可以得到两个信息，第一，自1978年以来，这三种产业的产值都在增加。第二，每年第二产业的产值都最高，第三产业次之，第一产业的产值最少。
Step 7, Operation Results and Description. Click the OK button of the Chart Builder dialog box to complete the drawing of the bar chart. We can get two information from the bar chart. First, since 1978, the output value of these three industries has increased. Second, the output value of the secondary industry is the highest every year, followed by the tertiary industry and the output value of the primary industry is the least.
下期预告：本期，我们学习了图表构建器创建图形。。下一期，我们将会学习使用图形画板模板选择器创建图形。
Preview for next issue: In this issue, we learned about creating graphs by chart builder. . In the next installment, we will learn how to create graphics using the Sketchpad template selector.
如果您对今天的文章有独特的想法，欢迎给我们留言，让我们相约明天，祝您今天过得开心快乐！
If you have a unique idea of today's article, welcome to leave us a message, let us meet tomorrow, I wish you a happy today!
参考资料：《SPSS23（中文版）统计分析实用教程》、百度百科
翻译：讯飞语音
本文由learningyard新学苑原创，部分图片文字来源于他处。如有侵权，请联系删除。
,
